Current blood proteome research for ageing and disease prediction heavily relies on single-time-point sampling strategies. However, acute physiological fluctuations, environmental interference, and technical variability often compromise the representativeness of one-off measurements for individual long-term health status. To resolve this bottleneck, the research team leveraged the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study (CMCS) with repeated blood sampling across two decades, systematically quantified the temporal stability of over 10,000 circulating proteins, and proposed the innovative Protein Homeostatic Index (PHI) to standardize the evaluation of long-term proteomic stability.

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Folliculogenesis is essential for female fertility and depends on precisely coordinated interactions between the oocyte and its surrounding granulosa cells (GCs). Although transcriptional regulation of this process has been extensively studied, the corresponding proteomic landscape has remained incompletely characterized. By profiling matched single-oocyte and mini-bulk GC samples from the same follicles across four consecutive developmental stages, this study establishes the first integrated single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic atlas of folliculogenesis. Importantly, the paired dual-omics analysis identifies developmental regulatory programs whose dynamics cannot be reliably inferred from transcript abundance alone.

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Carotid plaque rupture is a major cause of ischemic stroke, yet routine clinical indicators cannot accurately judge plaque rupture risk. Fibrous cap thickness is the core morphological marker for plaque vulnerability: thin-cap plaques (TnC, <200 μm) carry high rupture risk, while thick-cap plaques (TkC, ≥200 μm) remain stable. This work applied spatial proteomics to resolve subregional molecular differences between two plaque phenotypes, and identified PCSK9 as a critical local driver of plaque instability.

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This work addresses three common limitations of existing de novo peptide sequencing algorithms and builds an AI model paired with a cloud computing platform to lower operation barriers for proteomics researchers.

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Based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry analysis of more than 13,000 proteins across 2,856 samples, the work charts protein distributions across 58 major tissue types, 251 tissue subtypes and 25 carcinoma types.

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Given the close interplay between microbiome, human proteome, host physiology and disease mechanisms, this comprehensive summary addresses long-standing statistical bottlenecks in microbiome cohort studies and delivers actionable guidance for large-scale omics research.

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By integrating five-day continuous live imaging of human and monkey embryos and single-embryo proteomics achieving a depth of over 5,000 proteins from individual embryos, this team uncovered two mechanistically distinct causes underlying early and late embryonic arrest.

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High-Throughput Single-Cell-Resolved Spatial Proteomics Enabled by an Ordered Colloidal Crystal Column

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